Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, its effect on inducing dyslipidemia and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in children and adults. Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. The cause of the increased risk of CVD in diabetes is multi-factorial, including poor glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia. Aim of Study: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of prolonged hyperglycemia on the lipid profile (Lp(a), LDL, HDL, ApoB, ApoA, Cholesterol and Triglycerides) of Sudanese diabetic patients. HbA1C percentage was used as an indicator of prolonged hyperglycemia. Material and methods: 201 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study after verbal informed consent. Ten milliliter of venous blood samples were obtained after 12 hours fasting for measurement of HbA1C and lipid profile. 84 patients were suffering from prolonged hyperglycemia (HbA1C mean percentage was 14.17% ± 3.71) and 125 patients were found with normal HbA1C percentage (7.36± 1.32). The difference between the two means of the two groups was significant (p- value was less than 0.000). Results: This study showed that prolonged hyperglycemia significantly increased the concentration of cholesterol, LDL and Lp(a) since the p- values were 0.023, 0.001, 0.009 respectively. The triglycerides were insignificantly increased (p-value= 0.197), while Apo A, Apo B and HDL were insignificantly decreased (p- values were 0.23, 0.34 and 0.54 respectively). However, there was variation between the males and females. Conclusion: High percentage of HbA1C was associated with abnormal lipid profile and dyslipidemia. The results showed that males are more susceptible to dyslipidemia and Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) than females.