Study of serum electrolytes and proteins level in severe malnourshed within 24 hours of admission ( age group 6 month to 5 year ).

Abstract

ABSTRACT ; The world health organization defines malnutrition as "The cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients and energy and the body demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance and specific function ". It is the most widespread nutritional problem in developing countries. Predominantly affecting children. Severe malnutrition is globally the most important risk factor for illness and death contributing to more than half of death in children world -wide. [1] It occurs most frequently in infants and children and often associated with infection. [2] Severe protein Energy Malnutrition is caused by protein and energy deficiency and has been identified as a major health and nutrition problem in India. The prevalence rate varies from 20-50% in different areas depending on socioeconomic status and levels of education and awareness. The severest clinical forms of PEM are Marasmus, kwashiorkor, Marasmic - kwashiorkor. The following symptoms and signs clinically Characterize them Marasmus is a serious worldwide problem that involves more than 50 million children younger than 5 year. According to the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) 49% of the 10.4 million death occurring in children younger than 5 year in developing countries are associated with severe PEM. The milder forms of it like stunting (chronic form) and wasting (acute) forms of malnutrition are highly rampant in developing countries Kwashiorkor (weaning disease) refers to condition caused by severe protein deficiency in individuals with an adequate or a marginally inadequate energy intake. When children are weaned from protein rich breast milk, to normal diet through starchy protein free weaning food. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM: To study serum electrolytes (Sodium & Potassium) and serum proteins (Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin ) levels in severe malnourished within 24 hours of admission.(Age group 6 month to 5 year). OBJECTIVES: PRIMARY:  To determine the serum electrolyte (Na + & K+) level in severe malnourished children.  To determine serum proteins (Total protein, albumin & globulin) level in malnourished children. SECONDARY:  To compare the value with normal healthy children. INCLUSION CRITERIA:  All patients were suffering from grade III and grade IV Nutrition PEM.  All patients between the age group 6 month to 5 years. .EXCLUSION CRITERIA:  Patients suffering from PEM due to non nutritional causes were excluded from the study.  Serum electrolytes (Na+ & K+) levels by Flame Photometry  Serum proteins (albumin & globulin) levels by BromoCresol Green (BCG) Method Protein + Cu2+ alkaline pH Cu-protein complex. RESULT & CONCLUSION : • As per sex – In kwashiorkor n=13(52%)were male,and n=12(48%)were female, and in marasmus n=16(64%)were male and n=09(36%)were female in marasmus. • As per age –In kwashiorkor were divided into age groups <1 year n=13(52%) and >1 year n=12(48%),and in marasmus were divide <1year n=12 (48%) and >1 year n=13(52%). • The values of S-Na+,globulin were insignificant and K+ was highly significant and total protein,albumin were significant .When parameter in both the age group were compared with the both age group in kwashiorkor. • Comparison of values in marasmus and control group showed a highly significant variation except total protein the value of S-sodium,S-potassium,and S-albumin S-globulin showed showed highly significant variation when compared with the control group.